What is the purpose of valves in pneumatic systems?

In pneumatic systems, valves play a crucial role in controlling the flow and direction of compressed air. They act as gatekeepers, managing how air moves through the system and ensuring that air can be directed to different components, such as cylinders and actuators, based on the requirements of the operation. By opening or closing, valves can start or stop the flow of air, allowing for precise control over mechanical movement and functionality within the system.

Valves can also change the direction of air flow, which is essential for enabling different actions in a pneumatic device. For instance, when air is directed into one side of a cylinder, it can extend, while directing it to the other side helps retract. This versatility is foundational in applications like automation and robotics, where accuracy and responsiveness are vital.

The other options reflect important functions within pneumatic systems but do not accurately describe the primary role of valves. Regulating temperature is related to thermal management in a system, while increasing air pressure pertains to compressors. Filtering impurities helps maintain air quality but is more aligned with the function of filters rather than valves. Therefore, the primary function of valves remains focused on controlling flow and direction, making them essential components for the effective operation of pneumatic systems.